Doctrine
Projects
Coding Standard
Collections
Common
Data fixtures
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Edit
Tutorials
Getting Started with Doctrine
Guide Assumptions
What is Doctrine?
What are Entities?
An Example Model: Bug Tracker
Project Setup
Obtaining the EntityManager
Generating the Database Schema
Starting with the Product Entity
Adding behavior to Entities
Adding Bug and User Entities
Implementing more Requirements
Queries for Application Use-Cases
List of Bugs
Array Hydration of the Bug List
Find by Primary Key
Dashboard of the User
Number of Bugs
Updating Entities
Entity Repositories
Conclusion
Getting Started: Database First
Getting Started: Model First
Working with Indexed Associations
Mapping Indexed Associations
Querying indexed associations
Outlook into the Future
Extra Lazy Associations
Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations
Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key
General Considerations
Primitive Types only
Identity through foreign Entities
Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes
Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity
Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata
Performance Considerations
Ordering To-Many Associations
Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses
Pagination
Separating Concerns using Embeddables
Initializing embeddables
Column Prefixing
DQL
Reference
Architecture
Using an Object-Relational Mapper
Requirements
Doctrine ORM Packages
Collection, Event Manager and Persistence
The DBAL Package
The ORM Package
Terminology
Entities
Mapped Superclasses
Transient Classes
Entity states
Persistent fields
Serializing entities
The EntityManager
Transactional write-behind
The Unit of Work
Installation and Configuration
Class loading
Obtaining an EntityManager
Setting up the Commandline Tool
Frequently Asked Questions
Database Schema
How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?
Entity Classes
How can I add default values to a column?
Mapping
Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em->flush()?
Associations
What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?
How can I filter an association?
I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted
How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?
How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?
Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?
Inheritance
Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?
Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?
EntityGenerator
Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?
Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?
Performance
Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?
Doctrine Query Language
What is DQL?
Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?
Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?
A Query fails, how can I debug it?
Basic Mapping
Creating Classes for the Database
Property Mapping
PHP Types Mapping
Doctrine Mapping Types
Identifiers / Primary Keys
Quoting Reserved Words
Association Mapping
Many-To-One, Unidirectional
One-To-One, Unidirectional
One-To-One, Bidirectional
One-To-One, Self-referencing
One-To-Many, Bidirectional
One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table
One-To-Many, Self-referencing
Many-To-Many, Unidirectional
Many-To-Many, Bidirectional
Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association
Many-To-Many, Self-referencing
Mapping Defaults
Collections
Initializing Collections
Inheritance Mapping
Mapped Superclasses
Entity Inheritance
Performance impact on to-one associations
Single Table Inheritance
Design-time considerations
Performance impact
SQL Schema considerations
Class Table Inheritance
Design-time considerations
Performance impact
SQL Schema considerations
Overrides
Association Override
Attribute Override
Query the Type
Working with Objects
Entities and the Identity Map
Entity Object Graph Traversal
Persisting entities
Removing entities
Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections
Performance of different deletion strategies
Detaching entities
Synchronization with the Database
Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync
Synchronizing New and Managed Entities
Synchronizing Removed Entities
The size of a Unit of Work
The cost of flushing
Direct access to a Unit of Work
Entity State
Querying
By Primary Key
By Simple Conditions
By Criteria
By Eager Loading
By Lazy Loading
By DQL
By Native Queries
Custom Repositories
Working with Associations
Association Example Entities
Establishing Associations
Removing Associations
Association Management Methods
Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections
Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations
Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist
Orphan Removal
Filtering Collections
Implementing a TypedFieldMapper
DefaultTypedFieldMapper
TypedFieldMapper interface
ChainTypedFieldMapper
Implementing a TypedFieldMapper
Events
The Event System
Registering Event Handlers
Events Overview
Naming convention
Lifecycle Callbacks
Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument
Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events
Implementing Event Listeners
prePersist
preRemove
preFlush
onFlush
postFlush
preUpdate
postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist
postLoad
onClear
Entity listeners
Entity listeners class
Entity listeners resolver
Load ClassMetadata Event
SchemaTool Events
postGenerateSchemaTable
postGenerateSchema
Doctrine Internals explained
How Doctrine keeps track of Objects
How Doctrine Detects Changes
Query Internals
The different ORM Layers
Hydration
Persisters
UnitOfWork
ResultSetMapping
DQL Parser
SQLWalker
EntityManager
ClassMetadataFactory
Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side
Bidirectional Associations
Important concepts
Transactions and Concurrency
Transaction Demarcation
Approach 1: Implicitly
Approach 2: Explicitly
Exception Handling
Locking Support
Optimistic Locking
Pessimistic Locking
Batch Processing
Bulk Inserts
Bulk Updates
DQL UPDATE
Iterating results
Bulk Deletes
DQL DELETE
Iterating results
Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing
Doctrine Query Language
Types of DQL queries
SELECT queries
DQL SELECT clause
Result format
Joins
Named and Positional Parameters
DQL SELECT Examples
Using INDEX BY
UPDATE queries
DELETE queries
Comments in queries
Functions, Operators, Aggregates
DQL Functions
Arithmetic operators
Aggregate Functions
Other Expressions
Adding your own functions to the DQL language
Querying Inherited Classes
Single Table
Class Table Inheritance
The Query class
Query Result Formats (Hydration Modes)
Pure and Mixed Results
Fetching Multiple FROM Entities
Iterating Large Result Sets
Functions
EBNF
Document syntax:
Terminals
Query Language
Statements
Identifiers
Path Expressions
Clauses
Items
From, Join and Index by
Select Expressions
Conditional Expressions
Collection Expressions
Literal Values
Input Parameter
Arithmetic Expressions
Scalar and Type Expressions
Aggregate Expressions
Case Expressions
Other Expressions
Functions
The QueryBuilder
Constructing a new QueryBuilder object
Working with QueryBuilder
High level API methods
Binding parameters to your query
Limiting the Result
Executing a Query
The Expr class
Adding a Criteria to a Query
Low Level API
Expr* classes
Native SQL
The NativeQuery class
ResultSetMappingBuilder
The ResultSetMapping
Entity results
Joined entity results
Field results
Scalar results
Meta results
Discriminator Column
Examples
Change Tracking Policies
Deferred Implicit
Deferred Explicit
Attributes Reference
Index
Reference
#[AssociationOverride]
#[AttributeOverride]
#[Column]
#[Cache]
#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]
#[CustomIdGenerator]
#[DiscriminatorColumn]
#[DiscriminatorMap]
#[Embeddable]
#[Embedded]
#[Entity]
#[GeneratedValue]
#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]
#[Index]
#[Id]
#[InheritanceType]
#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]
#[JoinTable]
#[ManyToOne]
#[ManyToMany]
#[MappedSuperclass]
#[OneToOne]
#[OneToMany]
#[OrderBy]
#[PostLoad]
#[PostPersist]
#[PostRemove]
#[PostUpdate]
#[PrePersist]
#[PreRemove]
#[PreUpdate]
#[SequenceGenerator]
#[Table]
#[UniqueConstraint]
#[Version]
XML Mapping
Simplified XML Driver
Example
XML-Element Reference
Defining an Entity
Defining Fields
Defining Identity and Generator Strategies
Defining a Mapped Superclass
Defining Inheritance Mappings
Defining Lifecycle Callbacks
Defining One-To-One Relations
Defining Many-To-One Associations
Defining One-To-Many Associations
Defining Many-To-Many Associations
Cascade Element
Join Column Element
Defining Order of To-Many Associations
Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints
Derived Entities ID syntax
PHP Mapping
Static Function
ClassMetadataBuilder
ClassMetadata API
General Setters
Inheritance Setters
Field Mapping Setters
Lifecycle Callback Setters
Versioning Setters
General Getters
Identifier Getters
Inheritance Getters
Change Tracking Getters
Field & Association Getters
Lifecycle Callback Getters
Runtime reflection methods
Caching
Types of Caches
Query Cache
Result Cache
Metadata Cache
Clearing the Cache
Cache Chaining
Cache Slams
Improving Performance
Bytecode Cache
Metadata and Query caches
Alternative Query Result Formats
Read-Only Entities
Extra-Lazy Collections
Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL
Apply Best Practices
Change Tracking policies
Tools
Doctrine Console
Setting Up the Console
Display Help Information
Command Overview
Database Schema Generation
Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation
Adding own commands
Re-use console application
Metadata Drivers
Core Metadata Drivers
Implementing Metadata Drivers
ClassMetadata
Getting ClassMetadata Instances
Best Practices
Constrain relationships as much as possible
Avoid composite keys
Use events judiciously
Use cascades judiciously
Don't use special characters
Don't use identifier quoting
Initialize collections in the constructor
Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity
Use explicit transaction demarcation
Limitations and Known Issues
Current Limitations
Join-Columns with non-primary keys
Mapping Arrays to a Join Table
Custom Persisters
Persist Keys of Collections
Mapping many tables to one entity
Behaviors
Nested Set
Using Traits in Entity Classes
Mapping multiple private fields of the same name
Known Issues
Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases
Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"
MySQL with MyISAM tables
Pagination
Filters
Example filter class
Configuration
Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters
Suspending/Restoring Filters
Implementing a NamingStrategy
Configuring a naming strategy
Underscore naming strategy
Naming strategy interface
Implementing a naming strategy
Advanced Configuration
Doctrine and Caching
Configuration Options
Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)
Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)
Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)
Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)
Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)
SQL Logger (***Optional***)
Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)
Development vs Production Configuration
Connection
Proxy Objects
Reference Proxies
Association proxies
Generating Proxy classes
Autoloading Proxies
Multiple Metadata Sources
Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)
Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)
Setting up the Console
The Second Level Cache
Caching Regions
Cache Regions
Cache region
Concurrent cache region
Timestamp region
Caching mode
Built-in cached persisters
Configuration
Enable Second Level Cache
Cache Factory
Region Lifetime
Cache Log
Entity cache definition
Association cache definition
Cache usage
Using the query cache
Cache mode
DELETE / UPDATE queries
Using the repository query cache
Cache API
Limitations
Composite primary key
Distributed environments
Paginator
Security
User input and Doctrine ORM
Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities
Cookbook
Aggregate Fields
An example model
Using DQL
Using your Domain Model
Using an Aggregate Field
Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields
Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync
Conclusion
Custom Mapping Types
Persisting the Decorator Pattern
Component
ConcreteComponent
Decorator
ConcreteDecorator
Examples
Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers
Generic count query for pagination
Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL
DQL User Defined Functions
Registering your own DQL functions
Date Diff
Date Add
Typed functions
Conclusion
Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects
Option 1
Option 2
Read-only
Keeping your Modules independent
Background
Set up
Final Thoughts
SQL-Table Prefixes
Implementing the listener
Telling the EntityManager about our listener
Strategy-Pattern
Scenario / Problem
Solution
Validation of Entities
Working with DateTime Instances
DateTime changes are detected by Reference
Default Timezone Gotcha
Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type
Mysql Enums
Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars
Solution 2: Defining a Type
Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types
The entity
The mapping type
Example usage
Entities in the Session
Updating an entity
Working with scalars
Working with custom data transfer objects
Serializing entity into the session
Projects
ORM
Documentation
Installation
Table of Contents
3.2.2
Maintained
4.0 (upcoming)
3.3 (upcoming)
3.2.2 (current)
2.20 (upcoming)
2.19.7
Unmaintained
3.1
3.0
2.18
2.17
2.16
2.15
2.14
2.13
2.12
2.11
2.10
Installation
The installation chapter has moved to
Installation and Configuration
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