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Architecture
The DBAL consists of two layers: drivers and a wrapper. Each layer
is mainly defined in terms of 3 components: Connection,
Statement and Result.
A Doctrine\DBAL\Connection wraps a Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\Connection,
a Doctrine\DBAL\Statement wraps a Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\Statement
and a Doctrine\DBAL\Result wraps a Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\Result.
Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\Connection, Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\Statement
and Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\Result are just interfaces.
These interfaces are implemented by concrete drivers.
What do the wrapper components add to the underlying driver implementations? The enhancements include SQL logging, events and control over the transaction isolation level in a portable manner, among others.
Apart from the three main components, a DBAL driver should also provide
an implementation of the Doctrine\DBAL\Driver interface that
has two primary purposes:
- Translate the DBAL connection parameters to the ones specific to the driver's connection class.
- Act as a factory of other driver-specific components like platform, schema manager and exception converter.
The DBAL is separated into several different packages that separate responsibilities of the different RDBMS layers.
Drivers
The drivers abstract a PHP specific database API by enforcing three interfaces:
\Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\Connection\Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\Statement\Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\Result
Platforms
The platforms abstract the generation of queries and which database
features a platform supports. The
\Doctrine\DBAL\Platforms\AbstractPlatform defines the common
denominator of what a database platform has to publish to the
userland, to be fully supportable by Doctrine. This includes the
SchemaTool, Transaction Isolation and many other features. The
Database platform for MySQL for example can be used by multiple
MySQL extensions: pdo_mysql and mysqli.
Logging
The logging holds the interface and some implementations for debugging of Doctrine SQL query execution during a request.
Schema
The schema offers an API for each database platform to execute DDL statements against your platform or retrieve metadata about it. It also holds the Schema Abstraction Layer which is used by the different Schema Management facilities of Doctrine DBAL and ORM.
Types
The types offer an abstraction layer for the converting and generation of types between Databases and PHP. Doctrine comes bundled with some common types but offers the ability for developers to define custom types or extend existing ones easily.